Basic Measurements
Investigations of groundwater-surface water interactions can involve measurement in the catchment of basic hydrological parameters such as water levels, water flow and hydraulic conductivity. The potential direction of seepage flux can be indicated by measuring both surface water and groundwater levels. If the stream level is higher than the elevation of the shallow watertable, then there is potential for stream leakage to the aquifer. Flow measurements can be used in estimating water budgets of stream reaches, including the seepage flux. Quantifying the hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer and stream bed is necessary to estimate the rate of water movement.
There are various technologies and methods used to measure:
Further Information
Seepage Flux
Factors controlling connectivity